The Role of 5G in Automotive Signal Management

The adoption of 5G technology promises to revolutionize vehicle safety and efficiency by integrating internal and external antennas for high-speed, low-latency, and reliable communication with 5G networks. This communication will enable applications like advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), real-time traffic updates, remote diagnostics, and seamless entertainment. As 5G infrastructure grows, connected cars will become increasingly sophisticated, fully harnessing the transformative power of 5G.
Driving Forces of 5G
In the future, vehicles using 5G networks will require enhanced mobile broadband, massive machine-type communication (mMTC), and ultra-reliable, low-latency communication. Enhanced mobile broadband will allow consumers to transmit gigabytes of data within milliseconds. Meanwhile, mMTC will facilitate intermittent data transfer to support smart cities, where 5G-connected infrastructure, such as streetlights and traffic signals, can regulate traffic flow. In rural areas, connected agricultural systems can increase crop yield and lower food costs. For high-risk infrastructure like autonomous vehicles and industrial automation, ultra-reliable, low-latency communication is critical, fueling the need for increased connectivity.
The Future of 5G in Connected Cars
5G brings new business opportunities and improves road safety in the automotive industry. Road operators can analyze data collected from connected vehicles to enhance traffic safety and avoid accidents. Vehicle manufacturers are focusing on integrating onboard safety sensors to ensure driver safety, even in areas without network access. With new 5G infrastructure, features like optimized speed control for intersections, dedicated lanes for autonomous vehicles, and real-time congestion detection will create a safer and more convenient driving experience. The vision of zero-accident vehicles is within reach thanks to 5G.
Signal Integrity Management
5G frequencies are divided into two bands: FR1 and FR2. FR1 includes low and mid-band frequencies, suitable for WiFi, GPS, Bluetooth, and other communication signals, while FR2 comprises mmWave frequencies (24–39 GHz), offering faster data speeds but requiring more cell towers due to limited range. As frequencies increase, signal integrity becomes challenging, with higher frequencies needing line-of-sight and being prone to faster attenuation. This can be managed by deploying more cell towers, especially in urban environments.
Challenges with Omnidirectional Antennas and Signal Strength
While 5G holds great potential for the automotive industry, integrating mobile communication and antenna technology remains challenging. With 5G’s broader frequency range (6 to 100 GHz), components need to be placed closer to the antenna. However, extreme temperatures can negatively affect electronic performance. Higher frequency ranges can also cause signal attenuation, leading to limited omnidirectional antenna coverage. Some antenna manufacturers are collaborating to address these issues, optimizing 5G for automotive applications with expanded mmWave bands.
Antenna Solutions
Antennas play a crucial role in enabling high-speed communication, data sharing, seamless entertainment, and IoT expansion in vehicles. 5G devices require redesigned, optimized antennas to support new frequencies and transmission methods. Molex, a leading manufacturer, provides custom antenna solutions that meet automotive OEM specifications. These antennas are strategically placed both inside and outside the vehicle, connected to the body control module (BCM), and designed for various functionalities like keyless entry.
Modern vehicles are equipped with multiple antennas to support MIMO technology, maximizing data bandwidth for autonomous driving needs. Molex's high-performance antennas offer 5G NR 4x4/LTE MIMO, WiFi MIMO, and GNSS navigation support. These solutions enable the large data transfers necessary for automated vehicle operation.
External Antennas
Molex offers durable external antennas made of thermoplastic material for RF performance in various environments, including extreme temperatures and vibrations. Their product line includes standard and customizable antenna configurations suitable for 2G to 5G cellular applications, ensuring excellent coverage and reliability.
Internal Antennas
Internal antennas are seamlessly integrated within vehicle structures, providing aesthetic protection without external bulk. However, internal antennas may experience interference from the vehicle’s metal body, while external antennas, though more vulnerable to damage, can improve signal reception. Molex utilizes advanced technology to design custom antennas for internal vehicle placement, meeting the industry’s high standards.
Combined Antennas
Combined antennas from Molex offer multi-protocol support, ensuring efficiency and easy integration across WiFi/GPS applications. Compact designs like the 2.4/5 GHz GPS/WiFi ceramic antenna are ideal for high-performance applications in smaller spaces.
5G Connectors
In mmWave systems, connectors must be precisely matched to the transmission line impedance to reduce signal reflection and enhance power transmission. Molex’s 5G15 and 5G25 series connectors support frequencies up to 15 GHz and 25 GHz, respectively. These connectors are engineered for ruggedness and electrical reliability, with space-saving designs that combine RF and non-RF connections for applications like wearable devices and 5G-ready automotive systems.
Conclusion
As a connectivity solutions provider, Molex is shaping the future of 5G in connected cars with cutting-edge antenna technology, integration, and IoT innovations. Through high-performance antennas that meet the dual demands of technology and aesthetics, Molex addresses the challenges of metal interference in vehicles and ensures optimal signal reception, paving the way for advancements in automotive connectivity.